Sale of Armed Drones

Armed drones are the new battlefield force multipliers. These are increasingly being used in conflicts such as the Ukraine Russia war. Countries in conflict zones are buying armed drones to build up their military muscle.

US Drones for India

India has long been in negotiations with the US to buy armed drones. The MQ-9B Predator drones deal was announced during Indian PM Narendra Modi’s visit to US in June 2023 but was put on hold in December by a US Senate committee pending investigation into an Indian assassination plot on US soil.

On 2 February 2024, the US State Department approved the potential sale of 31 armed drones, missiles and other equipment to India for nearly $4bn. The deal includes the sale of 31 armed MQ-9B SkyGuardian drones, 170 AGM-114R Hellfire missiles and 310 laser small diameter bombs, communications and surveillance equipment and a precision glide bomb. General Atomics Aeronautical Systems will be the principal contractor for the deal.

Saudi Arabia to buy Chinese Drones

The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) is set to acquire Chinese Wing Loong-10B (WL-10B) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV). The drone was displayed at the World Defense Show that concluded in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) on February 8. The Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group displayed the WL-2 with the Saudi flag printed on its tail Wing (vertical stabilizer).

KSA has been operating the Wing Loong-2 (WL-2) drone since 2017. Pakistan Air Force also has these armed drones on their inventory. It was reported in 2018 that China and Pakistan had agreed to coproduce WL armed drones.

The WL-2 can carry 480 kg (1,058 pounds) of weapons for up to 32 hours. The drone was reportedly used in the Yemeni civil war against the Houthi militia. Drones have become increasingly crucial in Middle East conflicts, and are being used by both non-state and state actors, including Hamas, Hezbollah, Houthis, Israel, and Iran. KSA’s acquisition of the WL-10B allows extensive aerial surveillance and reconnaissance missions over land and sea, especially when armed with guided air-to-ground missiles and bombs. 

While the KSA has normalized ties with Iran through a China-brokered deal, its peace with the Houthis remains tenuous at best. 

Turkish Drones for Azerbaijan

Bayraktar Akıncı (Raider) is a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) manufactured by the Turkish defence company Baykar. The first three units entered service with the Turkish Armed Forces on 29 August 2021. The drone has a 5.5+ ton maximum takeoff weight (MTOW), of which over 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) is payload. Akıncı is equipped with two turboprop engines of either 450 hp (460 PS; 340 kW) or 750 hp (760 PS; 560 kW), as well as electronic support and ECM systems, dual satellite communication systems, air-to-air radar, collision avoidance radar, and advanced synthetic-aperture radar.

Pakistan purchased the first batch of Bayraktar Akinci combat drones in April 2023. On February 9, this year it was reported that Azerbaijan has purchased new Akinci UCAV from Turkey and pressed them into service with the Azerbaijani Army.

Meanwhile Turkish defence company Baykar has started building a factory near Kyiv that will employ around 500 people. This plant will manufacture either its TB2 or TB3 drone models.


Pre Poll Predictions

Three countries in South Asia, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India are holding elections this year. Elections in Bangladesh have already taken place. Pakistanis go to polls tomorrow (8th of February 2024). This will be the 12th time that elections to the national and provincial assemblies are being held in the country. Each election has brought about results that have significantly affected the lives of the people of this country. The next polls will be no different.

As an optimist I sincerely hope that it will bring about positive changes in our country. First and foremost, the mere fact that the polls are being held clearly signifies that despite the hiccups and inherent flaws in the system, the country has a modicum of democracy that allows the people to exercise their right to freely choose their representatives. Secondly, it gives the political parties a chance to present their manifestos to the people, no matter how outlandish or ambitious these may be; and thirdly, it provides the political parties a chance to fulfill their promises. It is quite another matter that the politicians often fail to deliver on their tall promises.

All political parties have experienced the pitfalls in the existing system. They are quite aware that the system needs a major overhaul and that significant course corrections are required. This will only be possible through earnest and serious legislation. All the mainstream political parties have been through the rough and tumble of elections. They have won and lost elections in the past. All these parties have gone through the school of hard knocks and have their share of painful experiences. If their leaders have any sense, they will accept the result of the polls with tolerance if not good grace. For the system to survive, they will have to give the new government space to grapple with the challenges that the nation faces. They should, if they have the patience, give the winning party or parties a chance to succeed. It would do them no harm, if they wait for the next elections, which in a parliamentary system are always just around the corner.

In my opinion this time over the political parties will be careful of not upsetting the political applecart for petty transient gains and will not let the non-parliamentary forces occupy or reoccupy the space that is truly theirs. This may appear wishful thinking but this is the only way to strengthen the system and to be true to the aspirations of the voters, who have chosen them.

Democracy is a system that is supposed to be for the people, by the people and of the people. Unfortunately, this pure and unadulterated form of democracy is not practiced in its truest form anywhere in the world. Yet we know that democracy in certain countries is performing better than other countries. These countries mainly in the West have better governance architectures, then those under modern autocracies such as dictatorships and monarchies. They are more acceptable because of their system of accountability. We are very far from that blissful era, when things work optimally and systems are people friendly. Tomorrow’s election will be a baby step in the direction of a producing better means to govern our country. It will in a small way eliminate some politicians, who have consistently failed to deliver. It will throw up some new leaders, who will in times to come prove to be better leaders than those who had been in the positions of leadership in the past. 

I am quite confident that tomorrow’s election will give a positive boost to our imperfect democracy, and that a new generation of leaders will in times to come lead us on the path of development and progress.